Articles

Ukraine’s policy on brain drain in the wartime and post-war periods

User Rating:  / 0
PoorBest 

Authors:


I.I.Nikolina*, orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-8599, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of STEU, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

N.M.Makhnachova, orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-2009, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of STEU, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.A.Kuzinska, orcid.org/0009-0007-7660-2779, Vinnytsia City Council, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

* Corresponding author e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.


повний текст / full article



Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2024, (4): 149 - 156

https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-4/149



Abstract:



Purpose.
To analyse Ukraine’s policy on brain drain and to find ways to improve it, taking into account foreign experience and possible scenarios of martial law development.


Methodology.
General scientific and special research methods were used in the study: the method of categorical analysis, the systemic method, the institutional method, the comparative analysis, the cross-country analysis, the descriptive analysis the generalisation method.


Findings.
The study has drawn the attention of the scientific community and public administration practitioners to the problem of the lack of systematic brain drain activities in Ukraine. Successful policies, measures and decisions that should be adopted are highlighted, and the main mistakes made in the experience of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Israel are traced. As a result, the study also outlines the main principles of a balanced long-term policy to encourage the return of personnel to Ukraine using holistic and systemic approaches.


Originality.
The scientific and practical prerequisites and the current state of the problem of brain drain in Ukraine are revealed. The policy of stimulating the return of personnel is theoretically grounded and confirmed by the practice of individual countries, and should be based on fundamental steps: ensuring systematic, timely and comprehensive state data collection on brain drain, creating a target authority that will exclusively implement policies to promote brain circulation and brain gain.


Practical value.
The implementation of the developed recommendations in several key areas, namely, the return of Ukrainian personnel, including refugees, and their reintegration; promotion of brain gain, including encouraging international specialists to immigrate to Ukraine; prevention of brain drain, primarily creating opportunities for the development of younger generations, jobs; active interaction and involvement of the Ukrainian diaspora; interstate cooperation in the interests of Ukrainian personnel; increasing the possibilities of post-war recovery and further development of Ukraine.



Keywords:
brain drain, migration, intellectual migration, public administration

References.


1. McAuliffe, M., & Triandafyllidou, A. (Eds.) (2021). World Migration Report 2022. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM). Retrieved from https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/.

2. Shin, G.-W., & Moon, R. J. (2018). From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation and Linkage. The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. Retrieved from https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/brain_drain_to_circulation_and_linkage_0.pdf.

3. Politico (2020). Greece’s reverse brain drain. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/greece-reverse-brain-drain-skills-young-people-financial-crisis/.

4. Radonjić, O., & Bobić, M. (2021). Brain drain losses – a case study of Serbia. International Migration, 59(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12710.

5. Vega-Muñoz, A., Gónzalez-Gómez-del-Miño, P., & Espinosa-Cristia, J. F. (2021). Recognizing New Trends in Brain Drain Studies in the Framework of Global Sustainability. Sustainability, 13(6), 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063195.

6. Krasulja, N., Blagojevic, M., & Radojevic, I. (2016). Brain-drain – the positive and negative aspects of the phenomenon. Ekonomika Nis, 62(3), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1603131K.

7. International Migration Research Network (IMISCOE) (2023). Brain drain and brain gain. Retrieved from https://migrationresearch.com/taxonomies/topics-migration-consequences-for-migrants-sending-and-receiving-countries-socio-economic-consequences-brain-drain-and-brain-gain.

8. Mirror of the week, Skorokhod, O. (2017). Scientific diaspora: from brain drain to brain gain. Retrieved from http://www.imbg.org.ua/docs/media/20171215-dt.ua-Skorohod-naukova-diaspora.pdf.

9. Kone, Z. L., & Özden, Ç. (2017). Brain Drain, Gain, and Circulation. Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Retrieved from https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/KNOMAD%20WP19_Brain%20Drain%20gain%20and%20circulation.pdf.

10. İnce, С. (2020). From brain drain to brain circulation: brain power in regional development. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 11(42), 1092-1114. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoess.2808.

11. Hillier, C., Sano, Y., Zarifa, D., & Haan, M. (2020). Will They Stay or Will They Go? Examining the Brain Drain in Canada’s Provincial North. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 57(2), 174-196.

12. Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2011). Globalization, Brain Drain and Development. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Retrieved from https://docs.iza.org/dp5590.pdf.

13. Libanova, E. (2019). Labour migration from Ukraine: key features, drivers and impact. Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 313-328. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-1/19.

14. Knoema (2020). Ukraine – Number of researchers in R&D. Retrieved from https://knoema.com/atlas/Ukraine/Number-of-researchers-in-RandD.

15. International Organization for Migration (2021). Migration in Ukraine: figures and facts 2021. Retrieved from https://ukraine.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1861/files/documents/migration_in_ukraine_facts_and_figures_2021-ukr_web.pdf.

16. World Bank (2021). GDP (current US$) – Ukraine. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=UA.

17. Eurostat (2022). R&D expenditure. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=R%26D_expenditure#Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R.26D.

18. Gorodnichenko, Y., Sologoub, I., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2022). Rebuilding Ukraine: Principles and policies. Paris Report 1. Paris: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved from https://cepr.org/system/files/publication-files/178114-paris_report_1_rebuilding_ukraine_principles_and_policies.pdf.

19. OECD (2023). International Migration Outlook 2022. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/30fe16d2-en/1/3/1/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/30fe16d2-en&_csp_=97175d429ae5e4e04cd3cccbbfc84945&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book#component-d1e20377.

20. Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (2022). Local self-government and territorial organization of power in the context of a large-scale Russian invasion. Retrieved from https://kiis.com.ua/materials/pr/20221219_m/Sociology_lsg_2022.pdf.

21. United Nations (2021). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 Statistical Annex. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/WESP2022_ANNEX.pdf.

22. Nirmela, C., & Yüksek, L. T. (2021). The effects of brain drain on developing economies. Case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/veriler/cokluortam/cokluortam/C/D/D/C/F/61c19e1735dd4.pdf.

23. OECD (2020). A Global Profile of Emigrants to OECD Countries: Younger and More Skilled Migrants from More Diverse Countries. Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DELSA/ELSA/WD/SEM(2020)4/En/pdf.

24. Leitner, S. M. (2021). Net Migration and Skills Composition in the Western Balkans between 2010 and 2019: Results from a Cohort Approach Analysis. Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies.

25. UNFPA Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021). Survey on youth emigration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://eeca.unfpa.org/en/publications/survey-youth-emigration-bosnia-and-herzegovina-0.

26. Euractiv, Taylor A. (2021). Balkan brain drain could be costing the region its future. Retrieved from https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/balkan-brain-drain-could-be-costing-the-region-its-future/.

27. German Marshall Fund, Icoski, M. (2022). Toward a New Youth Brain-drain Paradigm in the Western Balkans. Retrieved from https://www.gmfus.org/news/toward-new-youth-brain-drain-paradigm-western-balkans.

28. Gulina, O. R. (2020). Diaspora engagement mapping. Moldova. Retrieved from https://diasporafordevelopment.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CF_Moldova-v.5.pdf.

29. Dan, B.-D. (2019). Leaving the Promised Land: A look at Israel’s emigration challenge. Shoresh Research Paper. Retrieved from https://shoresh.institute/archive.php?f=research-paper-eng-emigration.pdf.

30. Zered, E. (2020). Israelis with Academic Education Abroad and Steps Taken to Return Them to Israel. The Knesset Research and Information Center. Retrieved from https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/mmm/IsraeliAcademicsAbroad.pdf.

 

Visitors

7275032
Today
This Month
All days
1577
45727
7275032

Guest Book

If you have questions, comments or suggestions, you can write them in our "Guest Book"

Registration data

ISSN (print) 2071-2227,
ISSN (online) 2223-2362.
Journal was registered by Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
Registration number КВ No.17742-6592PR dated April 27, 2011.

Contacts

D.Yavornytskyi ave.,19, pavilion 3, room 24-а, Dnipro, 49005
Tel.: +38 (056) 746 32 79.
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
You are here: Home