Innovation development of transition countries in the context of their participation in global value chains
Authors:
M. I. Zveryakov, Corr. Member of NAS of Ukraine, Dr. Sc. (Econ.), Prof., orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-5068, Odessa National Economic University, Odessa, Ukraine, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
O. Ye. Patlatoi, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-8034, Odessa National Economic University, Odessa, Ukraine, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract:
Purpose. The analysis of participation of certain countries, that either have experienced or are undergoing market transformation, in global value chains in relation to the level of innovative development of their economies.
Methodology. The systemic-genetic and evolutionary approach made it possible to identify the economic substance of value chains and their specifics at the present stage of globalization. Economic and statistical methods, including elements of regression and graphical analysis, made it possible to group transition countries according to the level of their economic and innovation development, as well as the pattern of their participation in global value chains.
Findings. It has been revealed that in the “core” countries, the economic growth is largely determined by investment in innovations, while for transition economies this dependence is much weaker. On the one hand, some of the transition countries (including Ukraine) have inefficient national innovation systems with low returns on R&D investments, and, on the other hand, some countries, that have experienced post-socialist transformation and joined the European Union, demonstrate relative economic success based on imported technologies brought up by the transnational capital. The vast majority of such countries has a low share of domestic value added in exports, while the EU “core”, which occupies higher positions in global value chains, on the contrary, shows a high share of domestic value added in exports, a significant share of high-tech exports in gross exports, along with higher GDP per capita.
Originality. The concept of global value chains (GVC) has been applied to study transition economies, firstly, in connection with the level of their innovation development, secondly, taking into account their historical specifics, and thirdly, in the context of the current stage of development of the global economy. This made it possible to identify the different ways for integration of transition countries into the GVC: from the imitation of the advanced economies’ patterns (through enhancing the high-tech international specialization based on the national capital) to the assembling of exports, based on foreign investments and technologies, with low domestic added value.
Practical value. The analysis of different options for including transition economies in global value chains provides a theoretical basis for the formation of strategic guidelines for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The proposals formulated by authors are aimed at strengthening the position of the national economy in global value chains, and in the long run at promotion of production of domestic value added based on the technological results of national and regional innovation systems.
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