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Developing a technology for treating blue-green algae biomass using vibro-resonance cavitators

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Category: Contens №6 2019

Last Updated on 01 January 2020

Published on 23 December 2019

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Authors:

V.V.Nykyforov, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Prof., orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-2340, Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostohradskyi National University, Kremenchuk, Ukraine

M.S.Malovanyy, Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof., orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-1070, National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine, e‑mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.S.Aftanaziv, Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof., orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-7966, National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine, e‑mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

L.I.Shevchuk, Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Assoc. Prof., orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-0256, National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine, e‑mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

L.R.Strutynska, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Assoc. Prof., orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-5475, National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine, e‑mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 повний текст / full article

Biomass of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) is an easily accessible and cheap raw material to be converted into biogas. A year’s supply of blue-green alga storage in shallow water of the Kremenchuk Reservoir only makes 4.14 ⋅10⁷ tonnes. However, known techniques of “methane digestion” of algae substrate are imperfect because of insufficient level of the product yield, i.e. biogas. This is conditioned by enhanced resistance of the bacterium walls to damage, which decreases the release of intracellular content which is the basis of biomass substrate.

Purpose. Improvement of a technological process of fermentation of blue-green algae, through “methane digestion”, as a raw material for production of biogas by homogenisation of algal biomass with cavitation vibro-resonance treatment.

The primary tasks of the research included:

- improvement of a design of an electromagnetic vibro-resonance cavitator so that it can be used for homogenisation of substance of blue-green algae;

- development of the improved process flow schematic of converting blue-green algae biomass into biogas using vibro-resonance cavitators.

Methodology. A complex approach is used which involves combination of analytical and theoretical-and-experimental research on the processes of anaerobic methane digestion. Qualitative composition of biogas produced by cyanobacteria was defined using the methods of spectrum analysis. Studies on dynamics of vibro-cavitators were conducted through methods of the oscillation theory with two degree of freedom systems. Applying approximate methods of the oscillation theory, we defined the optimal parameters of vibro-cavitation homogenisation of water suspense of cyanobacteria.

Findings. Improvement in the technique for converting blue-green algae into biogas is based on additional inclusion of biomass homogenisation block in the process. Homogenisation, i.e. complete release of intracellular content of bacteria, is placed on the operation of cavitational treatment of water suspension of algae with vibro-resonance cavitators of improved design. The vibro cavitator provides cavitational homogenisation of algae suspensions with capacity of 0.75‒1.0 m³/h. The suggested technological process of algae biomass treatment includes three main stages: the stage of algal suspension storage and preparation; the stage of preparation of algae biomass substrate through their homogenisation with vibro-resonance cavitators; the stage of fermentation of biogas through “methane digestion”. The product yield, i.e. biogas, increases by 1.4 times due to increasing release of intracellular content of bacteria by vibro-cavitation and reaches 33.0‒34.5 m³ of biogas from 1 tonne of the biomass.

Originality. Adding the stage of blue-green algae homogenisation with vibro-resonance cavitators to the standard techniques for their processing with the purpose of increasing the product yield has been suggested by the authors for the first time. This solution provides further biomass substrate fermentation of higher quality increasing the efficiency of biogas generation by over one third. It features academic novelty elements and the design of an electro-magnetic vibro-cavitator of resonance action has been suggested for the first time. Specific shape of its oscillating cavitation agents gives a unique opportunity of qualitative cavitational treatment of liquid substances of higher density and viscosity compared to water. This is exactly what allows establishing a cavitational field in the liquid substance saturated with algae.

Practical value. The value lies in improving the technological process of biogas fermentation from blue-green algae. To implement the cavitational treatment of biomass, an improved design of the vibro-cavitator is suggested taking into account the specific nature of cavitational treatment of liquids with increased density and viscosity. The efficiency of a vibro-cavitator with the cross-sectional area of a working camera of 10 inches when processing algae biomass makes 0.75‒1.0 m³/h. This is enough to provide continuous-duty service of a fermentation chamber with the volume of 100 m³ by two vibro-cavitators working alternatively.

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