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Express method for determining parameters of heaving of water-saturated rocks

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Category: Content №2 2026

Last Updated on 25 April 2026

Published on 30 November -0001

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Authors:

V. Shapoval, orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-1311, Dnipro University of Technology, s. Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

O. Shashenko, orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-6157, Dnipro University of Technology, s. Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

O. Skobenko, orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-4889, Dnipro University of Technology, s. Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

N. Khoziaikina*, orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-3919, Dnipro University of Technology, s. Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

D. Gretskyi, orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-0939, Cherkasy State Technological University, Cherkasy,

Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

* Corresponding author e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

повний текст / full article

Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2026, (2): 059 - 066

https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2026-2/059

Abstract:

The task of predicting rock heaving, quantifying its magnitude, and delineating the spatial extent of its development are critically important in the design of underground excavations, the planning of maintenance and rehabilitation measures, and the selection of effective methods to ensure the long-term stability of underground structures and utilities.

Purpose. To theoretically substantiate the mechanism by which excess pore fluid pressure in rocks influences heaving processes in underground workings.

Methodology. The study is based on a theoretical analysis of geomechanically processes developing in the rock mass surrounding horizontal underground excavations. Analytical and numerical mathematical methods were employed to describe these processes, and the resulting theoretical solutions were analyzed, generalized, and systematized.

Findings. Simple analytical relationships have been derived that enable determination of the boundaries of the basal zone in which heaving of water-saturated rocks occurs, as well as calculation of a stability coefficient for this zone. The stability coefficient is proposed as the ratio of the projection of forces restraining the rock mass from uplift to the vertical projection of forces initiating rock uplift. The obtained analytical expressions were calibrated for the conditions of the Donbas region.

Originality. It is demonstrated for the first time that, under otherwise identical conditions, an increase in pore fluid pressure leads to a reduction in the maximum depth of the basal heaving zone. It is also shown that increasing pore pressure simultaneously decreases both the stability coefficient and the maximum heaving depth.

Practical value. The results provide a mathematical basis for predicting the stability of horizontal excavations susceptible to basal heaving of water-saturated rocks, taking into account excavation depth, geometric parameters, unit weight, strength characteristics of the rock mass, and pore pressure. The proposed approach also allows determination of the boundaries of the heaving zone under specific mining and geological conditions. In addition, the theoretical conclusions are applicable to solving practical engineering problems of a technological nature, particularly in soil and rock improvement by silicification, cementation, and high-pressure grouting. This makes it possible to determine the maximum allowable injection pressure at which rock uplift or failure does not occur during the strengthening process.

Keywords: heaving of water-saturated rocks, Coulomb strength criterion, Shashenko strength criterion

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