Ukraine’s policy on brain drain in the wartime and post-war periods
- Details
- Category: Content №4 2024
- Last Updated on 28 August 2024
- Published on 30 November -0001
- Hits: 2079
Authors:
I.I.Nikolina*, orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-8599, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of STEU, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
N.M.Makhnachova, orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-2009, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of STEU, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
V.A.Kuzinska, orcid.org/0009-0007-7660-2779, Vinnytsia City Council, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
* Corresponding author e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2024, (4): 149 - 156
https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-4/149
Abstract:
Purpose. To analyse Ukraine’s policy on brain drain and to find ways to improve it, taking into account foreign experience and possible scenarios of martial law development.
Methodology. General scientific and special research methods were used in the study: the method of categorical analysis, the systemic method, the institutional method, the comparative analysis, the cross-country analysis, the descriptive analysis the generalisation method.
Findings. The study has drawn the attention of the scientific community and public administration practitioners to the problem of the lack of systematic brain drain activities in Ukraine. Successful policies, measures and decisions that should be adopted are highlighted, and the main mistakes made in the experience of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Israel are traced. As a result, the study also outlines the main principles of a balanced long-term policy to encourage the return of personnel to Ukraine using holistic and systemic approaches.
Originality. The scientific and practical prerequisites and the current state of the problem of brain drain in Ukraine are revealed. The policy of stimulating the return of personnel is theoretically grounded and confirmed by the practice of individual countries, and should be based on fundamental steps: ensuring systematic, timely and comprehensive state data collection on brain drain, creating a target authority that will exclusively implement policies to promote brain circulation and brain gain.
Practical value. The implementation of the developed recommendations in several key areas, namely, the return of Ukrainian personnel, including refugees, and their reintegration; promotion of brain gain, including encouraging international specialists to immigrate to Ukraine; prevention of brain drain, primarily creating opportunities for the development of younger generations, jobs; active interaction and involvement of the Ukrainian diaspora; interstate cooperation in the interests of Ukrainian personnel; increasing the possibilities of post-war recovery and further development of Ukraine.
Keywords: brain drain, migration, intellectual migration, public administration
References.
1. McAuliffe, M., & Triandafyllidou, A. (Eds.) (2021). World Migration Report 2022. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM). Retrieved from https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/.
2. Shin, G.-W., & Moon, R. J. (2018). From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation and Linkage. The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. Retrieved from https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/brain_drain_to_circulation_and_linkage_0.pdf.
3. Politico (2020). Greece’s reverse brain drain. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/greece-reverse-brain-drain-skills-young-people-financial-crisis/.
4. Radonjić, O., & Bobić, M. (2021). Brain drain losses – a case study of Serbia. International Migration, 59(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12710.
5. Vega-Muñoz, A., Gónzalez-Gómez-del-Miño, P., & Espinosa-Cristia, J. F. (2021). Recognizing New Trends in Brain Drain Studies in the Framework of Global Sustainability. Sustainability, 13(6), 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063195.
6. Krasulja, N., Blagojevic, M., & Radojevic, I. (2016). Brain-drain – the positive and negative aspects of the phenomenon. Ekonomika Nis, 62(3), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1603131K.
7. International Migration Research Network (IMISCOE) (2023). Brain drain and brain gain. Retrieved from https://migrationresearch.com/taxonomies/topics-migration-consequences-for-migrants-sending-and-receiving-countries-socio-economic-consequences-brain-drain-and-brain-gain.
8. Mirror of the week, Skorokhod, O. (2017). Scientific diaspora: from brain drain to brain gain. Retrieved from http://www.imbg.org.ua/docs/media/20171215-dt.ua-Skorohod-naukova-diaspora.pdf.
9. Kone, Z. L., & Özden, Ç. (2017). Brain Drain, Gain, and Circulation. Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Retrieved from https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/KNOMAD%20WP19_Brain%20Drain%20gain%20and%20circulation.pdf.
10. İnce, С. (2020). From brain drain to brain circulation: brain power in regional development. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 11(42), 1092-1114. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoess.2808.
11. Hillier, C., Sano, Y., Zarifa, D., & Haan, M. (2020). Will They Stay or Will They Go? Examining the Brain Drain in Canada’s Provincial North. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 57(2), 174-196.
12. Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2011). Globalization, Brain Drain and Development. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Retrieved from https://docs.iza.org/dp5590.pdf.
13. Libanova, E. (2019). Labour migration from Ukraine: key features, drivers and impact. Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 313-328. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-1/19.
14. Knoema (2020). Ukraine – Number of researchers in R&D. Retrieved from https://knoema.com/atlas/Ukraine/Number-of-researchers-in-RandD.
15. International Organization for Migration (2021). Migration in Ukraine: figures and facts 2021. Retrieved from https://ukraine.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1861/files/documents/migration_in_ukraine_facts_and_figures_2021-ukr_web.pdf.
16. World Bank (2021). GDP (current US$) – Ukraine. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=UA.
17. Eurostat (2022). R&D expenditure. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=R%26D_expenditure#Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R.26D.
18. Gorodnichenko, Y., Sologoub, I., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2022). Rebuilding Ukraine: Principles and policies. Paris Report 1. Paris: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved from https://cepr.org/system/files/publication-files/178114-paris_report_1_rebuilding_ukraine_principles_and_policies.pdf.
19. OECD (2023). International Migration Outlook 2022. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/30fe16d2-en/1/3/1/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/30fe16d2-en&_csp_=97175d429ae5e4e04cd3cccbbfc84945&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book#component-d1e20377.
20. Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (2022). Local self-government and territorial organization of power in the context of a large-scale Russian invasion. Retrieved from https://kiis.com.ua/materials/pr/20221219_m/Sociology_lsg_2022.pdf.
21. United Nations (2021). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 Statistical Annex. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/WESP2022_ANNEX.pdf.
22. Nirmela, C., & Yüksek, L. T. (2021). The effects of brain drain on developing economies. Case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/veriler/cokluortam/cokluortam/C/D/D/C/F/61c19e1735dd4.pdf.
23. OECD (2020). A Global Profile of Emigrants to OECD Countries: Younger and More Skilled Migrants from More Diverse Countries. Retrieved from https://one.oecd.org/document/DELSA/ELSA/WD/SEM(2020)4/En/pdf.
24. Leitner, S. M. (2021). Net Migration and Skills Composition in the Western Balkans between 2010 and 2019: Results from a Cohort Approach Analysis. Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies.
25. UNFPA Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021). Survey on youth emigration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://eeca.unfpa.org/en/publications/survey-youth-emigration-bosnia-and-herzegovina-0.
26. Euractiv, Taylor A. (2021). Balkan brain drain could be costing the region its future. Retrieved from https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/balkan-brain-drain-could-be-costing-the-region-its-future/.
27. German Marshall Fund, Icoski, M. (2022). Toward a New Youth Brain-drain Paradigm in the Western Balkans. Retrieved from https://www.gmfus.org/news/toward-new-youth-brain-drain-paradigm-western-balkans.
28. Gulina, O. R. (2020). Diaspora engagement mapping. Moldova. Retrieved from https://diasporafordevelopment.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CF_Moldova-v.5.pdf.
29. Dan, B.-D. (2019). Leaving the Promised Land: A look at Israel’s emigration challenge. Shoresh Research Paper. Retrieved from https://shoresh.institute/archive.php?f=research-paper-eng-emigration.pdf.
30. Zered, E. (2020). Israelis with Academic Education Abroad and Steps Taken to Return Them to Israel. The Knesset Research and Information Center. Retrieved from https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/mmm/IsraeliAcademicsAbroad.pdf.
Newer news items:
- The labor market as a component of the economic security system of Ukraine - 28/08/2024 03:24
- Ethical and social incentives for the transformation of the business model of enterprise management in conditions of sustainable development - 28/08/2024 03:24
- Innovative approaches to personnel security under the conditions of martial law - 28/08/2024 03:24
- The model of economic cooperation systems in the context of implementation of the “One Belt One Road” initiative - 28/08/2024 03:24
Older news items:
- Intellectual potential assessing methodology of an innovation-oriented enterprise - 28/08/2024 03:24
- Research on stochastic properties of time series data on chemical analysis of cast iron - 28/08/2024 03:24
- On the issue of load’s external ballistics under low-speed transportation - 28/08/2024 03:24
- Designing the predictive control of a drum dryer using multi-agent technology - 28/08/2024 03:24
- Cumulative triangle for visual analysis of empirical data - 28/08/2024 03:24
- The right to a safe environment: economic and legal guarantees of provision in Ukraine - 28/08/2024 03:23
- Floristic and ecological structure of the landfill vegetation in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine - 28/08/2024 03:23
- The effect of petroleum products pollution on environmental soil condition at airport adjacent territory - 28/08/2024 03:23
- Features of the assessment of occupational risks under hazardous working conditions - 28/08/2024 03:23
- Environmental toxicity assessment of mining waste from an abandoned Zn-Pb mine - 28/08/2024 03:23