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Application of natural sorbents for waste detoxication

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Category: Environmental safety, labour protection

Last Updated on 14 January 2015

Published on 14 January 2015

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Authors:

V.A. Biletska, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Senior Research Scientist of Scientific Research Institute of Geology, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainе

N.Ye. Yatsechko, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Research Scientist of Scientific Research Institute of Geology, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainе

V.I. Demura, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Research Scientist of Scientific Research Institute of Geology, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainе

А.V. Pavlychenko, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, State Higher Educational Institution “National Mining University”, Senior Lecturer of the Ecology Department, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainе

Abstract:

Purpose. To study the possibility of use of absorption properties of natural sorbent agents for waste detoxication.

Methodology. To study the chemical composition of wastes, sediments and in laboratory modeling of waste detoxication we applied the particle-size, bulk and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods of analysis. For processing the results of the research, the methods of mathematical statistics were used.

Findings. Theproducts of solid waste combustion contain 92–97% of heavy metals of danger class 1 and 3–8% of metals of danger class 2. The content of mobile fractions of heavy metals in incineration products formed the following descending series: for ash – Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd>Cu>Ni>Co; for slag – Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd>Co. The influence of the rocks sorbents absorption properties, chemical properties of heavy metals and geochemical form of metal on the effectiveness of waste detoxication was determined. To detoxify the waste, the carbonate clay with the mass fraction of 30% is recommended to be used. The detoxication of waste occurs due to the absorption properties of natural sorbents and as a result of the dilution of waste by neutral natural materials.

Originality. It is shown that the processes of sorption immobilization lead to a significant decrease in the content of mobile fractions of heavy metals in the waste and thus help to reduce its environmental hazard. It was determined that the heavy metals of danger class 1 better undergo transformation into immobile forms than the heavy metals of the danger class 2. To evaluate the efficiency of detoxication of wastes by natural sorbents, it was proposed to use the detoxication rate.

Practical value. The ability of natural sorbents to turn heavy metals into low-solubility compounds reduces their migratory activity. The use of natural sorbents for detoxication of waste will increase the level of environmental safety of biological systems and human health.

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